COVER STORY
How to choose a ball valve for alternative fuel service
When choosing a shut-off ball valve for natural gas vehicles (NGV) or compressed natural gas vehicles (CNG) applications, the first consideration should be certification. Is the ball valve you're considering certified in the locations that your product will be operating? If not, you should consider a different ball valve........................
- Peter Ehlers |
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IFOCUS
Vacuum solutions to improve your productivity
In many process applications, the overriding consideration is the amount of vacuum (degree of evacuation) required. Five major types of vacuum producing devices are discussed here. Apart from its vacuum producing ability, each of the five types has its own set of advantages and drawbacks. Many of these depend on the particular application. A thorough study is made before suggesting right pump for every application. This article describes two major kinds of pumps used, which enjoy dominant presence on account of their unique applications in industries.
- Toshniwal Systems & Instruments Pvt Ltd |
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Process
Modeling the production of microbial xylanase by solid state fermentation using artificial neural network
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is the microbiological transformation within solid matrix wherein the water content is adequate and assures proper growth & metabolism. This technique is useful for utilization of insoluble lignocelluloses from agricultural residues and waste from food processing industries. There are many advantages of solid state fermentation like lower capital and recurring expenditures, lower waste water output, reduced energy requirements, simplicity, high reproducibility etc.
- S L Pandharipande, P N Shastri, Aruna Singh and Divya Tatewar |
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Process
Modeling and simulation of plug flow reactor for polymethyl methacrylate preparation using hydrogen peroxide as initiator
The simulation technique makes no specific attempt to involve the relationships between any particular variables instead it observes the way in which all variables of the model change with time. It has gained momentum over the years with the adoption of new techniques.
- S K Masud Hossain and N Anantharaman
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INSTRUMENTATION
Experimental methods for high-pressure VLE measurement
Accurate measurement of high-pressure vapour liquid equilibria is a most demanding task. The number and variety of approaches adopted atleast to the exacting nature of the task of finding the most reliable, accurate and cost effective approach. But there exists no firm opinion as to which type of equipment is superior. Each type has its own advantages and drawbacks. The purpose of this study is to summarize in some detail the equipment and procedures used to measure high-pressure VLE. We discuss some of the dynamic and static methods developed for high pressure VLE measurement.
Rajpuri Sai Kiran Singh, Varun Bhalla, S N Kaul and V A Shinde
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RESEARCH
Use of spent caustic stream of a petrochemical complex as paper mill digester liquor
Spent caustic stream of a petrochemical complex has been concentrated to paper mill digester liquor for sulfate pulp process through evaporation and chemical addition. Cost comparison has been done for the following two alternative routes against a typical paper mills cost to produce digester liquor. Alternative 1: Evaporation followed by chemical addition
Alternative 2: Only chemical addition
- Dr R Das, C Pal and Prof A Sirkar
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BIOTECHNOLOGY
Nuclear polyhedrosis virus - a biopesticide
Nuclear Polyhedrosis viruses are the Baculoviruses. These viruses are excellent for species-specific, narrow spectrum insecticidal applications. They show no negative impacts on plants, mammals, birds and fish or even on non-target insects. This is especially desirable when beneficial insects are being conserved when an ecologically sensitive area is being treated.
- Sachin Shirsath, Manik Deosarkar and Bharat Bhanvase |
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Process
New measurement method increases efficiency
The Fluxys LNG Peak Shaving in the back port of Zeebrugge (Belgium) dates from 1978. Here, liquid natural gas, supplied by trucks from the LNG terminal in the front port of Zeebrugge, is stored. When the gas demand is higher than the primary supply (through pipelines from Norway and Great Britain or LNG tankers, such as the Methania), the "supply" in the LNG Peak Shaving is "heated" to 2°C and sent into the network.
- R Sai Kiran Singh, Varun Bhalla, K S Kulkarni and A R Bhalerao |
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