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FOCUS
Zero liquid effluent discharge system
through thermal route
Separation of water can be done by Reverse Osmosis or thermal
method. RO is cheaper in terms of operating cost but the life of
system is low and replacement cost is high. More importantly
RO cannot separate all recyclable water. Whereas, thermal
methods involving an evaporator can recover almost all water.
Though this method incurs high-energy costs, which however
can be substantially reduced by a Multiple Effect Evaporator. ...
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CASE STUDY
First ever floating barge mounted low temperature
thermal desalination plant
Water seems to be an abundant natural resource on planet earth.
However, only 0.3 per cent of the world’s total amount of water
can be used as clean drinking water. Man requires huge amounts of
drinking water everyday and extracts it form nature for innumerable
purposes. As natural fresh water resources are limited, seawater
plays an important part as a source for drinking water as well. In
order to use this water it has to be desalinated. Seawater
desalination is a real challenge. The base method for seawater
desalination is distillation. Approximately 620 kWh of
evaporation enthalpy is necessary to obtain 1 t of drinking water.
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ENVIRONMENT
A novel technique for phenolic
wastewater treatment
Fresh water crisis and its degradation due to contamination by
industrial and municipal waste are highlighted. Phenol is one of the
most common contaminant, the methods of treatment of phenolic
wastewater is discussed and the emphasis is given on the
aerobic biological treatment. Special attention has been paid to
the biological treatment mentioning the drawbacks of the
traditional methods. The relative advantages of various
modern bioreactors working on immobilization technique have been
projected. The uniqueness of the fluidized and semi-fluidized bed
bioreactors in the treatment of wastewater has been emphasized.
- H M Jena, G K Roy and R K Singh
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RESEARCH
Novel sorbitol resin based polymeric surfactant
for liquid detergent
A novel polymeric surfactant based on linseed oil, sorbitol and
rosin has been synthesized. Technically it is a rosinated short oil
alkyd resin. In this piece of research work, the mole ratio of
ingredients, catalyst and heating schedule has been standardized
to get an alkyd resin with higher acid value (>50), desired
hydrophilic-lipophilic ratio (HLB),viscosity and solubility
characteristic. The spectroscopic studies indicate the presence
of free acid, ester, ether and free hydroxyl groups in the polymer
structure. This resin after neutralization with sodium hydroxide has
been used as a replacement of sodium lauryl ether sulphate
(SLES) in liquid detergents.
- Smita A Patekar and Bhalchandra Gogte |
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POLLUTION CONTROL
Process Safety management
The general practice among the Indian industries is to measure
the safety performance through indicators such as frequency rate,
severity rate, safe-T score etc. However, the companies are soon
realizing that a clean record of no lost time injuries (LTIs) does not
guarantee an environment devoid of any process hazards. Hence,
there is a remarkable shift in the general outlook by industries
from “personal safety” (LTI etc) to “process safety”
- Ravi Hariramani |
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