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~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Issue December 2007 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ |
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SPOTLIGHT
Stainless solutions for oil and gas industry
Why Choose Outokumpu? It has the material, the know-how and the resources. As a global leader in stainless steel, Outokumpu serves customers in the oil and gas industry across every continent.
- Complied by Yatinder Pal Singh Suri |
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INTERVIEW
"Our aim is to bring technology closer to automation"
In this paper, the liquid phase reversible reaction of ethanol and tert-butyl alcohol catalyzed by Amberlyst -15, ion exchange resin was carried out in a stirrer batch three neck round bottom glass reactor. Experiment was carried out in the temperature range of 323 K - 338K under atmosphere pressure. The data of the concentration of each component with time were recorded and study the effect of water produced during the reaction on the synthesis of ethyl tert-butyl ether..
- D K Chandre, Dr V S Sapkal and A M Patare |
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CASE STUDY
Energy efficient bearings reduce operational costs
Energy efficiency solutions lower total operational costs in many applications by reducing friction, reducing power consumption, and applying new technology, some of which can also eliminate costly ancillary equipment in pneumatic, hydraulic and oil related systems. Solutions vary from very low friction bearings to actuator and control units for solar panel sun tracking systems, to advanced throttle control systems for the very rigorous demands of aerospace.....................
- Courtesy: SKF India Limited
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| ANALYSIS
Corrosion linings: trends and opportunities
Coating provides protection to any surface from reaction of material to environment and is therefore a must to avoid the loss due to reaction. Selection of proper coating should be based on chemical exposure, permeability of the coatings to the materials to be processed, pressure if handling gaseous materials, purity, FDA and USDA requirements, maximum operating temperature, abrasives if present and cost.
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SIMULATION
Process modeling using Aspen Products
CPC Simulation founded by Professional Process Engineers, specializes in Simulation Technology. The company has its marketing support and technical support center at Mumbai and Pune respectively. The company is geared to fulfill the simulation requirements for refinery, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and specialty chemical sectors.
- CPC Simulation |
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PROCESS
Parametric study on batch extraction process of custard seeds oil
In this study hexane is used to extract custard seed oil in a batch extraction process. The effect of time, temperature, particle size, mixing speed and solvent to seed ratio on custard seed oil extraction were investigated. The best recovery of the oil were obtained when parameter investigated were at time 4 hours, temperature boiling point of the solvent, particle size of 0.462 mm, mixing speed 1200 RPM and solvent to seed ratio of 15 ml/g. The maximum amount of oil extracted was about 40wt% at the mentioned operating conditions.
- D C Sikdar and Y J Rao |
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TECHNOLOGY
Kinetic modelling of distillery wastewater biodegradation using paecilomyces variotii
The wastewater treatment is one of the most important and urgent subjects in environment preservation throughout the world. The distillery wastewater, one of the industrial wastewaters, constitutes a very high organic load with a high acid strength and colour presents significant disposal and treatment problems. In this work, biodegradation of distillery wastewater was studied using immobilized paecilomyces variotii, a fungal strain, in batch reactor. The wastewater with four different initial substrate concentrations namely, 99224, 93536, 90060 and 87216 mg COD/l were used and the values of percentage COD reduction were recorded. The kinetic data of the process was analysed and found to be described by the pseudo second order rate expression. Besides, the correlation coefficient value (R2=0.9945) obtained for the experimental and theoretical qe values also confirmed the suitability of the kinetic model.
- Dr P Mullai, S Sathian and Dr P L Sabarathinam |
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FEATURE
Technology-driven partnerships
The past year witnessed a significant number of collaboration in the chemical process industry. Companies, which have been courting for long, have finally decided to walk down the aisle.
- Balakrishnan Nair |
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INTERVIEW
"Performance monitoring is equally important as wastewater treatment audits"
- Nirmal V. Shah, Managing Director, ChembondDrewtreat Ltd,
INTERVIEW
"PTFE lined piping systems are cost-effective in the long run"
- Ayaz Baig, Product Manager, LPS, Duflon Polymers Pvt Ltd
INTERVIEW
Advantage India
- Lars Renstrom, President & CEO, Alfa Laval Group
INTERVIEW
"Helping corporates gain competitive advantage through our technical support is our core philosophy"
- Yatinder Pal Singh Suri, Country Head, Outokumpu India Pvt Ltd |
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ENVIRONMENT
Zero discharge of distillery spent – wash
All methods of wastewater treatment such as lagooning, bio-degradation wet air oxidation bio-methanation, membrane filtration evaporation composing were tried for last 25 years, and found to be techno-economically non-feasible. The present work proposes the process-engineering approach based on experimental data on the same and similar fluid system. The process engineering design is worked out with process flow diagramme for 30 KLPD alcohol distillery plant. The process is experimented with achievements like zero discharge of waste water, generation of distilled water to reuse in process, conservation of system energy, self refinance on utilize like: steam/water/power.
- Nurul-Hassan B Mujawar, Nazmul-Husein B Mujawar, S V Patil and B A Mujawar
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RESEARCH
Sizing the ammonium chloride crystallisers to produce 30% expansion from existing capacity
Fertilizer grade ammonium chloride is being produced from the mother liquid from carbonation section by using cooling and salting out principles in an alkali chemical industries. The present study deals with how to size the ammonium chloride crystallizes to go for 30% expansion from the existing capacity of 210 T/D of ammonium chloride to 270 T/D of ammonium chloride.
- R Kumaresan |
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MAINTENANCE
Efficient and safe boiler operation and maintenance strategies
The boilers are used almost in all the industries for the generation of steam which is a heat input to the industries. The economy of the industries mainly depends upon the efficient operation and maintenance of boilers.
- R P Sharma |
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PROCESS
Biomethanation of spent sulphide liquor in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) bioreactor
The present continuous studies are undertaken to develop an effective anaerobic digestion process of spent sulphide liquor (wastewaters from sulphide pulping) for biogas generation using actively digested sludge from a sewage plant in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bioreactor. Attempts are made to optimize hydraulic retention time (HRT), initial feed pH, feed temperature and flow rate of feed for maximum production of methane (CH4) and removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) from spent sulphide liquor. Methane gas is analyzed by using Flame- Ionization Detector (FID) which is a one of the gas chromatograph (GC). The optimum HRT is 8 h and optimum initial pH of feed is observed as 7.5 respectively.
- S K Masud Hossain and Manas Das |
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DESIGN
Innovative concept in designing of multi-tubular fixed bed catalytic reactor
In this study, multi-tubular fixed bed reactor reaction between benzene and ethylene is carried out for the production of ethylbenzene. Reaction is highly exothermic and steam is produced by the liberated heat
- Shilpa Patel and Prof S B Thakore |
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ACCESSORIES
Productivity and other losses resulting from gasket problems
Those in manufacturing sector, especially in chemical industry are well aware what a poor quality or wrong installation of gasket can do to plant uptime. An improperly designed, casually installed, poor quality gasket can lead to plants shutdowns, large sums of financial losses, reduction in plant capacities and above all cause considerable environmental damage and pose safety hazards, which are sometimes fatal.
- Starflex |
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COATING
Surface solutions for the requirements of tomorrow
Increased performance of technical equipment also increases the loads on the components. For this reason, the surfaces of these components are frequently protected with coatings or modified to enable them to withstand the extreme stresses. Today, thermally applied coatings are indispensable, e.g. in gas turbines or aircraft engines. Thermal spray coating originated in Switzerland, where Max Ulrich Schoop developed flame spraying a little more than a century ago. Sulzer Metco offers a broad range of plasma spray processes for surface technologies that extend the useful life of all. Additionally, processes for the deposition of hard coatings refine tools, components and decorative layers.
- Courtesy: Sulzer Technical Review |
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